Where should any additional findings that do not fit into primary outcomes be included?

Including additional findings that do not fit into the primary outcomes in the discussion section of a publication is appropriate because this section serves as a place for authors to interpret and expand upon their results. Here, authors can explore the implications of these findings, relate them to existing literature, and discuss potential limitations or reasons for their occurrence. This allows for a nuanced examination of supplementary data that complements the main analysis without detracting from the clarity of the primary results.

In the discussion, the additional findings can be tied back to the overall research question and the primary outcomes, thus providing a comprehensive understanding of the study's implications. This approach also reinforces the transparency and completeness of the research by presenting all relevant data and interpretations.

The other sections—such as the abstract, appendix, and methods—serve specific purposes that do not align as well with expanding upon additional findings. The abstract is primarily a summary of the study, the methods section details how the research was conducted, and the appendix is generally reserved for supplementary material that supports the main text but does not require further interpretation or discussion.