Which of the following allows for public access to publications without subscription?

Open Access refers to a publishing model that allows individuals to access scholarly articles and other research outputs without the need for a subscription or payment. This model promotes the free availability of research findings to the public, which enhances visibility, dissemination, and potential impact of the research. Open Access is important for fostering collaboration and innovation in the academic community and beyond, as it removes barriers to accessing valuable scientific knowledge.

In contrast, the other options describe models that limit access. Closed Access typically requires payment for access, meaning that only those with subscriptions or institutional affiliations can access the content. Restricted Access generally refers to publications that may be available only to particular groups or institutions, again not allowing for universal public access. Subscription Access involves paying a fee to access journals or articles, which can hinder public accessibility to research. These models differ significantly from Open Access in terms of availability to the general public.